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CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS EXPLORATION FREE

Columbus's Second Voyage (04:23)Ĭolumbus returned to Spain a hero and was sent on another voyage. With only two ships remaining for the voyage home, Columbus left men behind on Hispaniola to start a colony and continue the search for gold. Columbus's First Voyage (02:18)Ĭolumbus was delighted to find that the Indians were generous and willing to trade gold. They encountered Native Americans when they were expecting the emperor of China. When the crew landed they immediately claimed the land for Spain. Columbus Reaches Land (04:44)Ĭolumbus compelled his men to continue on for two months by promising them riches. As the days wore on the men became frightened. NIna, Pinta & Santa Maria Set Sail (02:50)Ĭolumbus was confident he and his men would soon find China and Japan and return safely to Spain. He pestered the court for seven years before they agreed to the proposal he said would bring the country glory as well as expand Christianity.

Once in Spain it took Columbus a year to win an audience with King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella. Columbus thought it was actually closer and he searched for someone to back his enterprise of the Indies. Geographers in the 1480s correctly believed that Asia lay a huge distance to the west. Columbus mistakenly believed there was no Pacific Ocean. Sailors avoided going west across the Atlantic. Columbus's Key to China (03:06)Ĭolumbus found himself among leaders of ocean exploration after being shipwrecked off the coast of Portugal. At the time, China was the only place off limits for trade and Europeans were fascinated by the stories Marco Polo relayed about the region. Various people comment on Christopher Columbus's achievements and the motivations that drove him to the "New World" Columbus the Sailor (02:58)Ĭolumbus was born in the Italian Port of Genoa and worked as a mariner from a young age.

CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS EXPLORATION FREE

"The Other Slavery: The Uncovered Story of Indian Enslavement in America." New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016.Commentary on Columbus (01:33) FREE PREVIEW

Palmie, Stephan (ed.) "Slave Cultures and the Cultures of Slavery." Knoxville: The University of Tennessee Press, 1995.

"Brethren by Nature: New England Indians, Colonists, and the Origins of American Slavery." Ithaca NY: Cornell University Press, 2015. " Written out of History: Contemporary Native American Narratives of Enslavement." Anthropology Today 25.3 (2009): 18–22. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2009. "'Caringe Awaye Their Corne and Children': The Effects of Westo Slave Raids on the Indians of the Lower South." Mapping the Mississippian Shatter Zone: The Colonial Indian Slave Trade and Regional Instability in the American South.

Bialuschewski, Arne (ed.) " Native American Slavery in the Seventeenth Century." Ethnohistory 64.1 (2017).

Enslaved Indigenous peoples were also sent to the Bahamas as the "breaking grounds" where they might've been transported back to New York or Antigua. From those ports, Indigenous peoples were shipped to Barbados by the English, Martinique, and Guadalupe by the French and the Antilles by the Dutch. Major ports used for enslavement included Boston, Salem, Mobile, and New Orleans. As early as 1636, after the Pequot war in which 300 Pequots were massacred, those who remained were sold into enslavement and sent to Bermuda many of the Indigenous survivors of King Philip's War (1675–1676) were enslaved. For the Europeans, enslavement was part of the larger strategy to depopulate the land to make way for European settlers. Historians believe that most if not all tribes in this vast swath of land were caught up in this trade in one way or another, either as captives or as enslavers. The trade of enslaved Indigenous peoples in North America covered an area from as far west as New Mexico (then Spanish territory) northward to the Great Lakes, and southward to the Isthmus of Panama.